Functionalist View Of The Family - 1473 Words

Murdock (1949) studied 250 different societies, he concluded that society could not survive without the family as it was so functional. He argued there were four essential functions, without these society would not survive: sexual, reproductive, economic and education. Without sex and reproduction there would be no new members, without economic and education, the family providing for its members, the young socialised to norms and values, cultures would not exist. In the absence of this human society would cease (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008). 83 Evaluate the functionalist view of the family by referring to for example, the view that the family has lost functions/role due to structural differentiation. Parsons (1955) studied the modern†¦show more content†¦220 Discuss an additional sociological theory on the role of the family, e.g. feminist, Marxist or the New Right. Where functionalism believes the nuclear family is positive, marxism argues from a negative viewpoint seeing an extended and reproduced conflict between classes. Marxist dispute the belief of family having equal benefit for all and argue the capitalist economy depends on the family to buy and work, to produce goods which benefits the capitalist. Although the nuclear family is responsible for socialisation, it must be considered that not all norms and values are positive. They oppose the functionalists who paint a rosy view, who forget to account for issues that arise possibly leading to divorce or separation, as not all families are the same (Taylor and Richardson et al,. 2002). The increase of economic pressure from unemployment and people living longer seen to impose pressure on relationships leading to breakdown. The socialisation process seen to result in the spreading of the ruling class philosophy, individuals being deceived into accepting a capitalist system of leadership and dominance. Those Bourgeois benefitting from a created labour force with the proletariat exploited. Engels (1972) saw the bourgeois form of nuclear family as oppressing women, who were dependent financially on their spouse and expected child bearers. Family being designed to control women, protect property and for men to know theirShow MoreRelatedFunctionalist View of the Family1317 Words   |  6 Pagesusefulness of the functionalist view for an understanding of the family today? Functionalism is a structural theory. In functionalism, social institutes like families are the key parts of the structure/system. These institutions are seen as working in an integrated way that keeps society in a state of consensus. Functionalists stress the positive role of a family for society and its members. They argue that the families’ role is universal and functional. A famous functionalist, called Murdock believedRead MoreAssess the Functionalist View of the Family.1031 Words   |  5 Pages‘Assess the functionalist view of the family?’ Functionalist looks at society on a macro level. It is a consensus theory and structuralists prefer to use functionalism as it agrees with their ideals and models and they prefer to look at society as a whole. Functionalists are interested in studying what family is most functional. This essay will assess how functionalists view point of the family by exploring Murdock, Comte, Parsons and Durkheim, the founder of functionalism, ideas and evaluatingRead MoreEssay on The Functionalist View of the Family565 Words   |  3 PagesThe Functionalist View of the Family It is undoubted that functionalism has contributed to the general understanding of the family, even if you don’t believe the functionalist view-point to be correct, it still plays an essential part in the topic of sociology by simply being there to conflict the Marxist view of the family. The functionalist view of society makes the assumption that every society has a range of basic needs. Functionalists would say that if Read MoreCompare and Contrast the Functionalist and Marxist views on the Family1508 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Compare and Contrast the Functionalist and Marxist views on the Family Functionalists argue that societies consist of inter-related social institutions such as schools, mass media, political systems, the Church and the family each of which contribute positively to the maintenance of stability of society as a whole. Broadly speaking it is assumed by functionalists that societies operate in the interests of all of their members so that there is no reason for fundamental conflict in society. InsteadRead More Functionalist View on Same-Sex Families Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages Functionalist View on Same-Sex Families What is Functionalism? Functionalism is the belief that members of society form relationships with each other through rules and regulations i.e. the law. They also believe society is based on a consensus and there is no time for conflict, although it is acknowledged but is seen as only a temporary disturbance, which can be resolved. They believe it is the basis of social life without it there would be conflict and disorder.Read MoreOutline and Evaluate Functionalist Views of the Role of the Family in Society.1570 Words   |  7 PagesOutline and evaluate Functionalist views of the role of the family in society. [33 marks] Functionalism is a structuralist theory; this meaning that it sees social structure (the social organisation of society) as more important than individuals. Functionalist sociologists believe that people have a range of basic needs that must be met if society is to run smoothly. Different groups and individuals in society are important because they perform certain functions which meet societys needs. FunctionalismRead MoreFunctionalist View Of The School As Secondary Socialisation And Acts As A Bridge Between The Family And Wider Society Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesAnother functionalist view is that of Talcott Parsons, who focuses on the function of the school as being secondary socialisation and acts as a bridge between the family and wider society. In the family we gain ascribed status and are judged on particularistic terms, this means that we are seen as a particular person, i.e. son/daughter, and as such receive specific treatment. When we move into wider society we are judg ed in terms of our achieved status, that which we have gained through our own meritsRead MoreAssess the View That the Nuclear Family Functions to Benefit All It Members and Society of a Whole1216 Words   |  5 PagesAssess the view that the nuclear family functions to benefit all its members and society as a whole. A nuclear family is universal and is defined as a two generational grouping; consisting of a father, mother and their children, all living in the same household. The idea of the nuclear family was first noticed in Western Europe in 17th century. The concept that narrowly defines a nuclear family is essential to the stability in modern society and has been promoted by modern social conservatives inRead MoreThe Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family1289 Words   |  6 PagesFunctionalism for an Understanding of the Family The Functionalists see the family as an important and vital institution in society. They take a MACRO view and look at interdependence between the family and other organisations. Functionalists look at the positive parts to society but overlook the negatives. They emphasise on the value consensus and see the family as being universal. Other people’s outlooks disagree with this view, such as the Marxists, the Marxist FeministsRead MoreFunctionalist Perspective On Society As A Macro Institution1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe functionalist perspective In this essay I will outline and evaluate the functionalist perspective. This will include exploring the origins of the perspective, while explaining and evaluating how functionalists see society as a macro institution, rather than its many constituent parts. Further to this I will explore how functionalists deem the way society should be maintained and organised to maintain a functionalist’s ideal society. The consensus perspective is predominantly concerned with the

The Banking Concept of Education and The Achievement of Desire Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Even though this example does not demonstrate the usual way the â€Å"banking concept of education† happens, for instance through lectures and tests, it does show how it can happen even in subtle ways. Rodriguez’s teachers believed that the kind of language they spoke was the correct kind of language, and rewarded Rodriguez for his ability to copy them. They did not think that Rodriguez’s language that he learned from his parents could be useful, or good, or equal to their own. This is an example of how the â€Å"banking concept of education† creates a structure with teachers at the top and everyone else below them – something Rodriguez put into himself as he changed his language. Rodriguez’s text shows how the â€Å"banking concept of education† can lead to destroying critical thinking faculties and rather encouraging copying educators. Rodriguez says in his text that he began to â€Å"idolize [his] grammar school teachers† ( 520). He did this because they held the knowledge and skills that he wanted to get further into education. But he did not only copy their language, as talked about above. We will write a custom essay sample on The Banking Concept of Education and The Achievement of Desire or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He copied everything they did. Rodriguez says that he imitated â€Å"their actions, using their diction, trusting their every direction† (Rodriguez, 520). Rodriguez â€Å"trusting† his teachers’ direction means that he was not being critical of anything they said, because trust without thinking is the opposite of critical thinking. This shows that the banking concept of education hurts students’ ability to actually think for themselves. Rodriguez’s story that he would go home and correct his parent â€Å"with the remark: ‘my teacher told us †¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows very well that he was not questioning what his teachers thaught him, and did not seem to think that his parents could be right about something when his teachers disagreed with him. Rodriguez’s text clearly shows how the banking concept of education completely kills critical thinking. But this is not the only way that the banking concept of edu cation hurt Rodriguez. The banking concept of education hurt Rodriguez’s relationship with his family, by putting school and what teachers say as the most important thing, and making Rodriguez feel that his parents were useless, and become embarrassed about them. Rodriguez quotes a person, Hoggart, who made a theory about â€Å"scholarship children, † which Rodriguez thinks applies to himself. One of the main points of this theory is that teachers tend to set what they teach in the classroom, slow paced thinking and learning, and not practical needs and necessities, against what many working-class people experience at home, which is a desperate push to make enough money, provide enough food, take care of the children, and everything like that (Rodriguez, 519).

Key Themes Of The Great Awakening - 1542 Words

1. In the context of HIST 2010, some of the key themes that Americans believe are true about themselves are the American passion for freedom which is fundamental from the New England separatists to the Civil Rights Movement. The pursuit of education means new freedom requires more education. Another theme is unquestioned fanatic in the value of government. American are willing to expire me to new things. We are a very open country. Americans do not feel constrained by the past. America believes they are exceptional. We believe we represent the best the world has ever seen. 2. The Great Awakening was many emotional revivals ignited by a huge sense of religious decline, fear of erosion of religion and the necessity of â€Å"rebirth† during the†¦show more content†¦In October, Burgoyne was forced to surrender in battles of Saratoga. Victories at Saratoga showed world that Americans could win the revolution. Saratoga will convince the French to support. 4. The Spanish were the first to take advantage of the New World’s riches by forging an intense national unity that enables it to dominate Europe as well as the New World wall France and England were preoccupied with political disputes and religious conflict. The treasures seized from Mexico and Peru added to Spain’s military and economic power. The single-minded focus on gold and silver also tempted the Spanish government to live beyond its means. Between 1557 and 1662, the kings of Spain were forced to declare bankruptcy 10 times. For most of the colonial period, much of what belong to Spain, and Spanish culture etched a lasting imprint upon American ways of life. Spain’s colonial presence lasted more than three centuries, much longer than either England s or France’s. New SpainShow MoreRelated Symbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Chopins The Awakening is full of symbolism.   Rather than hit the reader on the head with blunt literalism, Chopin uses symbols to relay subtle ideas.   Within each narrative segment, Chopin provides a symbol that the reader must fully understand in order to appreciate the novel as a whole.   I will attempt to dissect some of the major symbols and give possible explanations as to their importance within the text.   Art itself is a symbol of both freedomRead MoreThoreau’s Journey: Problem, Need, Lifestyle, and Revelation Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagesliving in a cabin near Walden Pond is considered a seminal work of early American transcendentalism. Thoreau never explicitly reveals the spiritual truth at the end of his journey. Still, a discerning Christian reader can note the main transcendental themes and ideals that Thoreau demonstrates, separating that which should be applauded from that which should be rejected. Thoreau sees mankind’s self-alienation as the fundamental problem in society. In the opening chapter of the book, â€Å"Economy,† ThoreauRead MoreEssay on symbolaw Use of Symbols and Symbolism in The Awakening1292 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Symbolism in Chopins The Awakening The Awakening is a novel full of symbolism; within each narrative segment there is often a central and powerful symbol that serves to add meaning to the text and to underline some subtle point Chopin is making. Understanding the meaning of these symbols is vital to a full appreciation of the story. This essay lists some of the major symbols with explanations of their importance. Art becomes a symbol of both freedom and failure. It is through theRead MoreGreat Awakening Reflection932 Words   |  4 Pagesother sermons in ideologies and emotions provoked so that I might not learn about typical effects sermons had on people at that time. More importantly, my present values influence my perception of the sermon. Since I have some difficulty to interpret key words like â€Å"wicked† and â€Å"fierceness of indignation†, I about Edwards’ teachings. My non-religious view of God also causes biases. I see God as a human invention for comfort and happiness, so I have a negative view towards Edwards’ argument that GodRead MoreJonathan Edwards : Early Colonial Theologist And Religious Revivalist1533 Words   |  7 Pagesrevivals and conversions in those he reached. The first Great Awakening, forerunner to the American Revolution and Protestant missionary expansion, was a time in American history when our colonies were trying to break free from the influence and stronghold of Europe and revolutionize on an American dream. It was a pivotal period in the early formation of the democratizing of America’s religious, social, and political arenas. The Great Awakening occurred during a time when American church leadershipRead More Essay on the Characters in The Awakening793 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of the Characters in The Awakening  Ã‚   The Awakening was a very exciting and motivating story. It contains some of the key motivational themes that launched the women’s movement. It was incredible to see how women were not only oppressed, but how they had become so accustomed to it, that they were nearly oblivious to the oppression. The one woman, Edna Pontellier, who dared to have her own feelings was looked upon as being mentally ill. The pressure was so great, that in the end, the onlyRead MoreIn The Life And Writings Of Kate Chopin And Mary E. Freeman,1343 Words   |  6 Pagesand sexual desires. After her father’s death, her mother, grandmother, and great grandmother, who were all widows, raised her. They themselves had managed to support their family without the need of a man, and it might have been what gave her the courage to write so freely. She was also influenced by the radical and critical changes that were happening for women in the society around her. (Vandermoss) She wrote â€Å"The Awakening† in 1889 and it was banned in her own hometown because of all the controversyRead More Theme of Isolation in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Chopin’s The Awakening1619 Words   |  7 PagesDespite differing story lines, Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, depict the same suffering; the isolation that women have been forced to endure throughout history. In the time period that all three characters were placed, it was culturally acceptable for wives to be dominated by their husbands; their responsibility revolving around the needs of their children and those of their spouse. Most women simply did not have a meansRead MoreBeethoven Concert Symphony No 61128 Words   |  5 Pagesliterally (Classicalmusiceducation.com). The music does however seem to match up beautifully with the titles. The first movement is titled; Awakening of Cheerful Feelings on Arriving in the Country, Allegro ma non troppo and begins with an opening drone. The piece has a very quick, but somehow leisurely pace that repeats itself in a typical sonata form. Themes emerge, but do not seem to be in conflict as in other symphonies, there is a lack of noticeable tension. Imagine a forest, with the soundsRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Is Embraced As One Of The Most Influential1412 Words   |  6 Pagesrenaissance featured Aaron Douglas, Palmer C. Hayden, Archibald J. Motley, and Hale Woodruff. Each one of these art forms contributed greatly to black Americans across the land, as the intellect and talent encouraged a cultural awakening within the people. After the Great Depression, the decline in the Harlem Renaissance, the renaissance continued to have an international impact on the black community, as it aided in established the credibility, authority, and reputability of black writers and a rtists

The Outcome Of The 2016 Election Essay - 1625 Words

The outcome of the 2016 election came as a surprise to many, pleasant to some and unpleasant to others. However, when looking at the theories and ideas in political psychology, the election of Republican nominee Donald Trump over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton is not entirely shocking. Cognitive dissonance theory, schemas and heuristics, and social influence, specifically conformity, can all help to explain why Donald Trump is America’s new president-elect. Cognitive dissonance is defined as â€Å"when people encounter an inconsistency between any two cognitions† (Haas, Lecture, October 11, 2016). These conflicting attitudes, beliefs, and values produce discomfort. The rules of cognitive dissonance theory by Leon Festinger state that the two cognitions must be relevant. If relevant, they can either be dissonant or consonant. Dissonance causes negative control and people will be motivated to reduce this (Haas, Lecture, October 11, 2016). One study by Brock and Ballou n (1962) found that cognitive dissonance does indeed occur. In the experiment, students were given the option of listening to a message the whole way through or to push a button that muted the message for any length of time. The study found that people who smoked pushed the button to mute the message during messages that discussed the link between cancer and smoking. Additionally, those who identified as strongly Christian muted a message that attempted to debunk Christianity for a longer period of time thanShow MoreRelatedPresidential Election : Obama And Mitt Romney995 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of the United States, the 2016 election cycle is the 57th presidential election, yet it could be the strangest of them all. In contrast, the 2012 election between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney was a relatively tame and mundane election. It was decided by two elements, just as the 2016 election will be decided by. Choice, both by the media and the candidates is one ingredient to determine the outcome of elections. Chance similarly affects election outcomes, though chance deals with environmentalRead MoreAmerica s Voting Equipment s Major Problem? Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesJessie Sisavat Professor Smith Pols 116 December 13, 2016 What Is America’s Voting Equipment’s Major Problem? For several decades, the American people have been skeptical if their votes count due to the uncertainty of various voting methods. The election process is marred with dissatisfaction and inaccuracy in governmental elections. Voting means a lot to citizens because it is what gets the people’s voices heard. There are voters that are uncertain of trusting the candidates that will make theirRead MorePresidential Elections And Election Elections1509 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical elections, especially presidential elections have many variables that influence the voters when they go to the polls. Many researchers use various methods to figure out all the possible outcomes of the election and what the voters are looking for in a particular year. This year has been unique because of the different personalities that the candidates own. This new diversity has caused researchers to revise their tactics from earlier years. Also, negative political ads for this election yearRead MorePred icting The Future Of The Election Before The Voting Deadline Of November 8th1214 Words   |  5 Pageswill probably still be cold tomorrow. This is the same way for Presidential elections. If a candidate were to maintain their strong lead from the beginning of the election, unless something were to happen, it is expected that they will continue that lead in the future as well. So if meteorologists are able to reliably predict the outcome of the weather, can Psephologists reliably predict the outcome of the presidential election before the voting deadline of November 8th? There are always peopleRead MoreWhy Should Millennials Do Not Vote?1189 Words   |  5 Pagesvoting in elections. I, myself, as part of the Millennial Generation also do not understand this characteristic as well. We all question many decisions of others, but the millennial generation is being questioned for one of its many characteristics, why do the majority of millennials not vote? There are three specific reasons as to why millennials do not vote in elections: 1. They think their vote doesn t matter. For example, only a handful of swing states actually decide in the election. Case inRead MoreThe Presidential Election : President Carter Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesEver since President Carter, there have been disputes of how to reform the election process of the Democratic nominee for the general election. Both teams presented their arguments explicitly of why or why not the superdelegates should be abolished from the Presidential Nomination System. Both teams were only able to touch at least one main argument from the assigned reading and provided examples of present and past events to reinforce their position. However, the negative team seemed more compellingRead MoreThe Presidential Election Of 2016 Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pages The presidential election of 2016 shocked people across America after Donald Trump won the election. Many people questioned h ow such a candidate could run for office, much less hold one of the most powerful positions on Earth. In attempting to uncover how Trump could be victorious in an electoral race against Hillary Clinton, this paper will analyze four key factors in a general election: the fundamentals, campaigns, the media, and the voters. Each factor provides insight on how Trump was able toRead MoreMichael Manor And Timothy Cruise857 Words   |  4 Pagesthat evening Kerry announced Timothy Cruise had won the election by one vote, Michael, and his best friend Mark had not voted that morning. Thesis Statement: All American citizens who can vote should vote during the November 2016 general election because it is an earned privilege, every vote counts, and you’re electing the next leader of the country. BP #2 All American citizens who can vote should vote during the November 2016 general election because it is an earned democratic privilege. ChurchillRead MoreCase Study The Voter Turnout For The Election705 Words   |  3 PagesAs citizens, we are all called out to make political choices during elections thus vote when required. But not all citizens vote during elections. In this assignment, we will study the voter turnout for the march 2016 primary elections for the republican and democratic parties based on the Harris country reports for the county itself has a whole and more specifically other voter precinct that are concerned by certain voters for this assignment. After my researches, I found on the voting precinctRead MorePolitical Parties : The Democratic Party954 Words   |  4 Pagesvote in the upcoming election. If these issues are addressed we are on track to have a very successful election. The biggest obstacle that we face today is increasing our voter turnout rate for all elections. Republican’s recent success can mostly be attributed to their consistently higher voter turnout. According to Aaron Blake from Washington Post Democrats actually outnumber Republican voters it’s just a matter of getting our Democrat voters to come to the polls on election days. Republicans voters

Harsher Sentencing Policies And More Punitive Laws

In the last few decades, there has been an increase in the number of individuals who have been incarcerated in both federal and state prisons. Indeed, research has shown that harsher sentencing policies and more punitive laws have resulted in the incarceration of more than 2.3 million people in the varied jails and prisons; thereby making the United States the leader as far as incarceration is concerned. Incarceration and sentencing systems have conventionally been aimed at having varying goals including rehabilitation, incapacitation, punishment and deterrence. Recent decades have seen the enactment of sentencing policy initiatives with the aim of enhancing the criminal justice systems deterrent effect. The term deterrence underlines the discouragement of an individual from doing something for doubt or fear (Tonry 24). Casare Beccaria, the father of classical criminology, believed that certainty, severity, and swiftness could deter crime. He expressed that as certainty of penalizat ion goes up, the less likely someone is to transgress the law. So if the criminals figure out that they would be penalized, they would be more discouraged to commit a crime. He strongly believes that the laws need to be very clear and must always be enforced. His second principle of deterrence expressed that the more swift the punishment is set in, the less likely crime will transpire. Beccaria believes that the less time between the crime and the penalization, the more vigorous impact it wouldShow MoreRelatedPunitive Model Of Incarceration During The United States1321 Words   |  6 Pages Examining the Punitive Model of Incarceration in the United States and the Changes that Brought It About Collin S. Lahr Ball State University Abstract This paper explores several different sources that cover some aspect of how the United States Penal System went from the Rehabilitative Model to a punitive system. Bryan Stevenson and Betsy Matthews have written about how drug enforcement and the â€Å"War on Drugs† are responsible. Yeoman Lowbrow’s analysis of the crime rate and statistics willRead MoreThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System By: Brian Ouellette Criminal Justice CCJ 1020 Mr. Leonardo Cadogan Abstract In the United States there is no standard when it comes to punishment and sentencing. This area of the  criminal justice system is in a constant state of change. Sentencing practices and goals are always being closely examined. From getting tough on crime to more rehabilitative approaches, the views and goals of sentencing are always beingRead MoreFailure Is A Compromising And Alarming Idea. When Thinking1575 Words   |  7 PagesFailure is a compromising and alarming idea. When thinking about the drug control policy of the past half-century, failure is the only conclusion that one can come to. A dated history of combatting drug abuse with punitive measures has not led to the annihilation of illicit drug use. It has not created safer societies. It has led to the stigmatization and isolation of a substantial proportion of society and stimulated drug crimes. Now it is time to look back and address the negative consequencesRead MoreGANG VIOLENCE AND HARSH PENALTIES1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Chen March 20 2014 Gang Violence and Harsh Penalties The presence of gang violence has plagued the United States for many years. Although it is more active in some parts of the country than others, gang violence affects every American: either monetarily as a taxpayer or directly as a victim. Regardless, it is a concern of every individual; therefore, the criminal justice system has been addressing it for years in different ways. The approach of emphasizing harsh punishments has been implementedRead MoreThe On The Juvenile Justice System Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesto the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 19th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it did adult offenders. Consequently, if courts found children criminally responsible, they would then impose the same sentences, e.g. capital punishment, and committed these youths to the same penal facilities as they did adult criminals. DespiteRead MoreThe philosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation1100 Words   |  5 Pagesprobation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation officers were considered social worker, able to focus on the individual offender, rather than statutory schemes of the legal system. This ideology aligned with the indeterminate sentencing structure that acknowledged individualization of the offender. However, today probation officers have been coined â€Å"the guardian of the guidelines† (Bunzel, 1995, para 2). Under this new philosophy, probation is a facilitator of the net-wideningRead MoreCanada Should Focus More on Rehabilitation and Less on Retribution 3217 Words   |  13 Pagesgoals of sentencing include deterrence, safety of the public, retribution, rehabilitation, punishment and respect for the law (Government of Canada, 2013). However, the type of justice system in place within a s tate or country greatly influences the aims and mandates of prisons and in turn targets different aspects of sentencing goals. Justice systems commonly focus on either rehabilitative or retributive measures. Canada is a country where rehabilitation has been a formal part of sentencing and correctionalRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesit consequently threatens communities of color by â€Å"disenfranchising thousands by limiting voting rights and denying equal access to employment, housing, public benefits, and education to millions more (Kerby 2).† Two professors from the University of British Columbia and the University of Michigan Law School, M. Marit Rehavi and Sonja B. Starr recently conducted a study that confirms that Black Americans receive a stricter punishment than White Americans. According to the study â€Å"Black AmericansRead MoreAmericas War on Drugs - The Prison Industrial Complex Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesAfter viewing the documentary: Americas War on Drugs - The Prison Industrial Complex, it is clear that the Criminal Justice System is in desperate need of reconstruction and repair with policies such as the mandatory minimum sentencing act which has proven to be unsuccessful and unjust in its efforts to deter criminals from committing illegal acts as seen with the increase of incarcerations of the American people and the devastating effect it has had on those in prison and the family members ofRead MoreRacial Disparities Of The United States Justice System3104 Words   |  13 Pagesdifferences in the pro portions of a racial group in the system and in the general population. There is extensive literature detailing the higher likelihood of minorities, specifically African Americans, being arrested, receiving harsher sentences, and being incarcerated more frequently than Whites. As of 2008, African Americans comprised 13% of the general population, yet made up 38% of prison and jail inmates. Latinos comprised 15% of the general population, and 19% of the prison and jail population

Infant Swimming Essay Example For Students

Infant Swimming Essay Drowning is the third most common death related accident among children younger than 4 in the United States and the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 in California, Arizona, and Florida. (Ellis Trent, 1997) People have reacted to such statistics by coming up with programs to teach children to swim. The programs started with the pioneering work of Virginia Hunt Newman who brought the idea over to the United States from Australia. She was taught by an Australian by the name of Claire Zimmerman. (Johnson Odent, 1995) Researchers have found that the best programs understand that knowledge of infant behavior and development would be the safest technique to prevent future drownings. We will write a custom essay on Infant Swimming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through years of research with constant colleague review behavioral psychologists have developed programs to reduce the chances of drowning and free the child from the effects of fear when they near the water. Operant conditioning along with psychological development are the technologies used in teaching infants. These programs use child development principles to develop the program goals. Tens of thousands of children have learned the skills to save themselves in a panic situation. The drownproofing programs in the United States have made safety their number one priority and can help a child not panic when they have an aquatic accident. For simplicity sake I will use the masculine pronoun he to refer to all infants and toddlers. I expect the reader to substitute the pronoun she mentally if necessary. Many parents are afraid to teach their infants to swim, but there are good reasons why both the parent and the child can benefit from swimming lessons. Your child will love the water. Being with your child in the pool can be an exciting time of bonding for the parent and child. Your child looks to you for encouragement in the new activities that he is trying to accomplish. Physical contact, hugging and touching, expresses love to your child. Being in the water with him gives you a chance to have lots of physical contact. Researchers say that physical contact especially skin to skin is very important to the bonding process. (Johnson Odent, 1995) Giving this freedom to learn new experiences helps a child reconcile the first stage in Erik Eriksons child development theory, trust versus mistrust. Furthermore, praising your child for even attempting a task even though the task was not perfectly performed is a good way to build a childs self confidence. Children who receive praise only when they do something right conclude their parents love them for their accomplishments not just themselves. Remember genuine love is not contingent on success or failure. Pediatricians have claimed to see lower instances of a cold or flu in a child who takes water safety training. (Whitehead Curtis, 1983) Furthermore, if you exercise your baby in the water he will get more exercise because of the decreased restriction that gravity has on them. Since they cant sit or stand baby exercising in the pool is more appropriate, and increased strength helps a child develop walking skills quicker. Teaching your child to swim helps improve their coordination and balance because the water helps them to move bilaterally to maintain equilibrium. (Kochan McCabe, 1986) In one study a Finnish doctor at the Department of Physical Education the children were put through a test to check motor development benefits as a result of swimming. There were only two groups one who had swimming lessons twice a week and those who had none at all. The babies in the experimental group showed better extension of their joints and were able to control their vertical position earlier than babies in the control group. The babies who took the swimming classes were ahead in all areas of muscle strength. (Johnson Odent, 1995) In another study Lies Liselott Diem of Cologne, Germany conducted an experiment on children and swimming. There were six groups of children over a two year period. The groups were divided into the age range at which a child started swimming lessons (3 months, 24 months, or 2 years of no training at all). Each group was evaluated on several different dependent values such as motor . Infant Swimming Essay Example For Students Infant Swimming Essay Drowning is the third most common death related accident among children younger than 4 in the United States and the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 in California, Arizona, and Florida. (Ellis Trent, 1997) People have reacted to such statistics by coming up with programs to teach children to swim. The programs started with the pioneering work of Virginia Hunt Newman who brought the idea over to the United States from Australia. She was taught by an Australian by the name of Claire Zimmerman. (Johnson Odent, 1995) Researchers have found that the best programs understand that knowledge of infant behavior and development would be the safest technique to prevent future drownings. We will write a custom essay on Infant Swimming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through years of research with constant colleague review behavioral psychologists have developed programs to reduce the chances of drowning and free the child from the effects of fear when they near the water. Operant conditioning along with psychological development are the technologies used in teaching infants. These programs use child development principles to develop the program goals. Tens of thousands of children have learned the skills to save themselves in a panic situation. The drownproofing programs in the United States have made safety their number one priority and can help a child not panic when they have an aquatic accident. For simplicity sake I will use the masculine pronoun he to refer to all infants and toddlers. I expect the reader to substitute the pronoun she mentally if necessary. Many parents are afraid to teach their infants to swim, but there are good reasons why both the parent and the child can benefit from swimming lessons. Your child will love the water. Being with your child in the pool can be an exciting time of bonding for the parent and child. Your child looks to you for encouragement in the new activities that he is trying to accomplish. Physical contact, hugging and touching, expresses love to your child. Being in the water with him gives you a chance to have lots of physical contact. Researchers say that physical contact especially skin to skin is very important to the bonding process. (Johnson Odent, 1995) Giving this freedom to learn new experiences helps a child reconcile the first stage in Erik Eriksons child development theory, trust versus mistrust. Furthermore, praising your child for even attempting a task even though the task was not perfectly performed is a good way to build a childs self confidence. Children who receive praise only when they do something right conclude their parents love them for their accomplishments not just themselves. Remember genuine love is not contingent on success or failure. Pediatricians have claimed to see lower instances of a cold or flu in a child who takes water safety training. (Whitehead Curtis, 1983) Furthermore, if you exercise your baby in the water he will get more exercise because of the decreased restriction that gravity has on them. Since they cant sit or stand baby exercising in the pool is more appropriate, and increased strength helps a child develop walking skills quicker. Teaching your child to swim helps improve their coordination and balance because the water helps them to move bilaterally to maintain equilibrium. (Kochan McCabe, 1986) In one study a Finnish doctor at the Department of Physical Education the children were put through a test to check motor development benefits as a result of swimming. There were only two groups one who had swimming lessons twice a week and those who had none at all. The babies in the experimental group showed better extension of their joints and were able to control their vertical position earlier than babies in the control group. The babies who took the swimming classes were ahead in all areas of muscle strength. (Johnson Odent, 1995) In another study Lies Liselott Diem of Cologne, Germany conducted an experiment on children and swimming. There were six groups of children over a two year period. The groups were divided into the age range at which a child started swimming lessons (3 months, 24 months, or 2 years of no training at all). Each group was evaluated on several different dependent values such as .

Hippus Or Dolphin Fish Essay Example For Students

Hippus Or Dolphin Fish Essay Hippurus also known as Dolphin Fish, Dorado, or Mahi- Mahi. Is a large deep seafish that lives in tropical and subtropical seas. They can be found underfloating objects and have been known to follow boats. You will usually find aschool of them underneath a bunch of floating Sargasso. They are bright greenishblue above, and yellow on its sides. All over the sides of their bodies theyhave Irregular blue or golden blotches. They have the capability of flashingpurple, chartreuse, and a wide range of other colors. Their body tapers sharplyfrom head to tail. The profile of an adult males head is nearly vertical and thehead of a female is more sloping and rounded. Single dark dorsal fin from justhead to tail. They have about 65 rays extending down their back. The bad thingabout this fish when you go fishing for it, the color nearly instantaneouslyfades when the fish is decked. So you cant really enjoy the beautifulcoloration of the fish. They usually live for 2-3 years. So the mature very fastafter they are born. Dolphin fish is a very good exotic food. The actual food isusually known as Mahi- Mahi which is the Hawaiian name for the fish. This is agreat tasting fish and is not that expensive but is not an every day thing. Theflesh is very white and mild, ideal for broiling, too good to waste in a fryingpan. You can usually find it in sandwiches or on BBQ as a steak. It is a higherquality fish. Good fishing fish for deep-sea fishing. I have fished for Dolphinbefore and I highly recommend it.